MASS ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT, HALF–VALUE LAYER AND MEAN FREE PATH OF BISMUTH-BORO-TELLURITE GLASS USING PHY-X SOFTWARE

Authors

  • Nor Falihan Ramli Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia & Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Azuraida Amat Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Nurazlin Ahmad Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Keywords:

Bismuth, Boro-tellurite, Phy-X, Mass attenuation coefficient, Half value layer

Abstract

A series of tellurite-based glasses with varying bismuth content was synthesized to investigate the influence of structural compactness on photon attenuation coefficient. The density of each composition was determined experimentally, whereas shielding parameters, including the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP), were evaluated at a photon energy of 0.662 MeV using established computational frameworks. According to the data, greater MAC values show that increasing glass density improves photon absorption. At the same time, the corresponding HVL and MFP values were reduced, indicating that photons require a shorter travel distance to be attenuated within the materials. The attenuation efficiency was found to depend strongly on density. Overall, the results demonstrate the increasing structural compactness enhances the intrinsic shielding capability of the tellurite glass system.

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*Corresponding Author | Amat, A. | azuraida@upnm.edu.my 9

© The Authors 2026. Published by Penerbit UPNM. This is open access article under the CC BY license.

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Published

23-05-2026

How to Cite

Ramli, N. F., Amat, A., Wan Yusoff, W. Y., & Ahmad, N. (2026). MASS ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT, HALF–VALUE LAYER AND MEAN FREE PATH OF BISMUTH-BORO-TELLURITE GLASS USING PHY-X SOFTWARE. Zulfaqar Journal of Defence Science, Engineering & Technology, 9(1). Retrieved from https://zulfaqarjdset.upnm.edu.my/index.php/zjdset/article/view/225

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Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)

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