GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MORUS NIGRA LEAF EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL
Keywords:
Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Morus nigra, Antibacterial activityAbstract
This study presents a simple optimisation approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Morus nigra (black mulberry) leaf extract and investigates their antibacterial properties. Three critical synthesis parameters which include aqueous temperature for plant extracts, incubation time and reaction temperature were optimised to enhance AgNP production. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful formation of nanoparticles through characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks. The optimal conditions identified in this study facilitated efficient conversion of silver ions to stable AgNPs utilising the phytochemical constituents in Morus nigra extract as reducing and capping agents. The antibacterial activity of the optimized AgNPs was evaluated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using disc diffusion assays. The biosynthesised AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, demonstrating their potential as effective antimicrobial agents. This research establishes a simple, eco-friendly protocol for AgNP synthesis contributing to the development of green nanomaterials with promising applications in addressing bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance.
Downloads
References
[1] Abdelghany, T. M., Al-Rajhi, A. M. H., Abboud, M. A. A., Alawlaqi, M. M., Magdah, A. G., Helmy, E. A. M., & Mabrouk, A. S. (2017). Recent advances in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications: About future directions. A review. BioNanoScience, 8(1), 5–16.
[2] Dada, A. O., Inyinbor, A. A., Idu, E. I., Bello, O. M., Oluyori, A. P., Adelani-Akande, T. A., Okunola, A. A., & Dada, O. (2018). Effect of operational parameters, characterization and antibacterial studies of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tithonia diversifolia. PeerJ, 6, e5865.
[3] De Leersnyder, I., De Gelder, L., Van Driessche, I., & Vermeir, P. (2019). Revealing the importance of aging, environment, size and stabilization mechanisms on the stability of metal nanoparticles: A case study for silver nanoparticles in a minimally defined and complex undefined bacterial growth medium. Nanomaterials, 9(12), 1684.
[4] Escárcega-González, C. E., Garza-Cervantes, J. A., Vazquez-Rodríguez, A., Montelongo-Peralta, L. Z., Treviño-Gonzalez, M. T., Castro, E. D. B., Saucedo-Salazar, E. M., Morales, R. M. C., Regalado-Soto, D. I., Treviño-González, F. M., Rosales, J. L. C., Cruz, R. V., & Morones-Ramirez, J. R. (2018). In vivo antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles produced via a green chemistry synthesis using Acacia rigidula as a reducing and capping agent. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 2349–2363.
[5] Fahim, M., Shahzaib, A., Nishat, N., Jahan, A., Bhat, T. A., & Inam, A. (2024). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive review of methods, influencing factors, and applications. JCIS Open, 16, 100125.
[6] Jain, S., & Mehata, M. S. (2017). Medicinal plant leaf extract and pure flavonoid mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial property. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 15724.
[7] Lim, S. H., & Choi, C. (2019). Pharmacological properties of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) as a promising nutraceutical resource. Nutrients, 11(2), 437.
[8] Moodley, J. S., Krishna, S. B. N., Pillay, K., Sershen, N., & Govender, P. (2018). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and its antimicrobial potential. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9(1), 015011.
[9] Rodrigues, A. S., Batista, J. G. S., Rodrigues, M. Á. V., Thipe, V. C., Minarini, L. A. R., Lopes, P. S., & Lugão, A. B. (2024). Advances in silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive review on their potential as antimicrobial agents and their mechanisms of action elucidated by proteomics. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, Article 1440065.
[10] Singh, H., Desimone, M. F., Pandya, S., Jasani, S., George, N., Adnan, M., Aldarhami, A., Bazaid, A. S., & Alderhami, S. A. (2023). Revisiting the green synthesis of nanoparticles: Uncovering influences of plant extracts as reducing agents for enhanced synthesis efficiency and its biomedical applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 18, 4727–4750.
[11] Tesfaye, M., Gonfa, Y., Tadesse, G., Temesgen, T., & Periyasamy, S. (2023). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina plant extract and its antimicrobial activities. Heliyon, 9(6), e17356.
[12] Wang, L., Wu, Y., Xie, J., Wu, S., & Wu, Z. (2018). Characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Psidium guajava L. leaf aqueous extracts. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 86, 1–8.
[13] Zhang, Q., Lin, L., & Ye, W. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine, 13(1), Article 20.
[14] Ferreira, A. M., Vikulina, A., Loughlin, M., & Volodkin, D. (2023). How similar is the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles coated with different capping agents? RSC Advances, 13(16), 10542–10555.
[15] Ahamad Tarmizi, A. A., Adam, S. H., Nik Ramli, N. N., Abd Hadi, N. A., Maisarah, A. M., Tang, S. G. H., & Mokhtar, M. H. (2023). The ameliorative effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on diabetic rat model: A narrative review. Sains Malaysiana, 52(7), 2037–2053.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfaqar Journal of Defence Science, Engineering & Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
